Jun 15, 2016 · The balance of uric acid formation and excretion is driven by several enzymatic pathways which occur via different genetically-defined isoforms being also highly regulated by pathophysiological determinants including metabolic products and free radical species.

Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates, such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. [1] .

Experimental studies have suggested that uric acid may penetrate vascular smooth muscle fibers through an organic anion transport system, followed by activation of multiple signal transduction pathways, which culminate in increased expression of inflammatory mediators.

Jun 15, 2016 · In fact the increase of serum uric acid is inversely associated with disease severity and especially with cardiovascular disease states. This review describes the enzymatic pathways involved in the degradation of purines, getting into their …

Uric acid is the final product of purine metabolism and is converted to allantoin in most mammals via the uricase enzyme. The accumulation of loss of function mutations in the uricase gene rendered hominoids (apes and humans) to have higher urate concentrations compared to …

Serum uric acid reflects the interactions of four major processes: dietary purine intake, endogenous purine metabolism, urinary urate excretion, and intestinal uricolysis. The typical American diet may provide a significant purine load.

In this review, we first outline the two molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation occurrence in relation to UA metabolism; one is inflammasome activation by UA crystallization and the other involves superoxide free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase (XO).

Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gout and other disease processes. The circulating serum uric acid concentration is governed by the relative balance of hepatic production, intestinal secretion, and renal tubular reabsorption and secretion.

Uric acid, generated from the metabolism of purines, has proven and emerging roles in human disease. Serum uric acid is determined by production and the net balance of reabsorption or secretion by the kidney and intestine.

Jan 1, 2012 · First, an increased production of uric acid could occur via the de novo pathway of biosynthesis. Second, an increased catabolism of tissue purines and the production of urate might be operating. Third, excessive dietary intake of preformed purines and their conversion to uric acid could cause hyperuricemia.