In conventional protein labeling methods, the antibodies begin reacting with the antigen before fully permeating the tissue, thus getting rapidly consumed. To prevent this, the team modulated the ...

quantitate antigen-specific antibodies, (iii) measure multiple cytokines and other markers, and (iv) assess binding kinetics/affinity for antibody-antigen interactions and many other molecular ...

This finding initiated decades of extensive immunochemical studies of immunoglobulin structure and function ... on the generation of an antigen-specific antibody 'memory' response characterized ...