The 2022 underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai eruption, one of the most powerful in modern history, reached all the way into ...

Secondary gravity waves are ripples in the atmosphere created when primary gravity waves, like those triggered by a volcanic ...

A VOLCANO in the South Pacific erupted with such force that it sent shockwaves into space, scientists have revealed. The ...

New research shows the blast triggered secondary gravity waves that rattled the upper atmosphere, where satellites orbit.

In 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai volcano erupted with one of the most powerful blasts in modern history. The explosion ...

Secondary gravity waves emerge as the hidden architects of global-scale thermospheric upheaval following the Tonga eruption in 2022.

A VOLCANO in the South Pacific erupted with such force that it sent shockwaves into space, scientists have revealed. The enormous underwater eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha‘apai in January 2022 ...

When Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai ... Sulfate aerosols lead to cooling in the atmosphere. Past volcanic eruptions, such as that of nearby Pinatubo in 1991, have had this kind of cooling effect ...