A patent foramen ovale (PFO ... A variety of subgroups were examined, including sex, the presence of an atrial septal aneurysm, shunt size, entry event (stroke vs TIA), and baseline medication ...

In patients with nickel hypersensitivity, there is increased risk for device syndrome within the first 90 days following patent foramen ovale closure.

Nontraditional risk factors, particularly migraine with aura, play a major role in patients under 50 years old.

A new study published in the journal of Stroke showed that the most common cause of young-onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke ...

Left atrial dysfunction in patients with patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm: an alternative concurrent mechanism for arterial embolism? JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2 , 655–662 (2009).