Microglia, Pediatric Neurology, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Epilepsy, Neuroinflammation, Neurodevelopment Kaur, H. (2025) The Role of Microglia in Pediatric Neurological Disorders. Neuroscience and ...

or genetic predisposition—­can activate brain immune cells—microglia and astrocytes-- promoting them to produce IL-1 and S100 inflammatory cytokines.

Shane Liddelow, New York University After the researchers demonstrated that the astrocytes were growing without baseline reactivity in culture, they transitioned the astrocytes to a pathogenic state ...

Specifically, the toll-like receptor 4 appears to be a site at which drugs of abuse activate microglia. Toll-like receptor 4 activation ... and neurotoxic substances such as proinflammatory cytokines.

Peptidergic-mediated mechanisms are involved in neurodegeneration and neurorepair after TBI: Neuroinflammation (microglia activation and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines ...

Complex cross-talks between microglia and astrocyte during neuroinflammatory ... Microglial activation, astocytic proliferation, and proinflammatory cytokine production may promote seizures ...

Microglia, the primary immune cells of the ... and immune responses by releasing various cytokines. However, the ...

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), expressed in astrocytes and microglia, is involved in the activation of pathways triggered by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-12 and type I interferons (IFNs), ...

Previous studies have identified TIM3 (T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3) as a negative regulator of T helper 1 (T H 1)-cell responses. Now, new research shows that TIM3 is also ...