Microglia, Pediatric Neurology, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Epilepsy, Neuroinflammation, Neurodevelopment Kaur, H. (2025) The Role of Microglia in Pediatric Neurological Disorders. Neuroscience and ...

or genetic predisposition—­can activate brain immune cells—microglia and astrocytes-- promoting them to produce IL-1 and S100 inflammatory cytokines.

Specifically, the toll-like receptor 4 appears to be a site at which drugs of abuse activate microglia. Toll-like receptor 4 activation ... and neurotoxic substances such as proinflammatory cytokines.

Peptidergic-mediated mechanisms are involved in neurodegeneration and neurorepair after TBI: Neuroinflammation (microglia activation and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines ...

Microglia, the primary immune cells of the ... and immune responses by releasing various cytokines. However, the ...

leading to the activation of A1 astrocytes and M1 microglia and elevated neuroinflammatory cytokines. The disruption of this crosstalk between IL-3 and IL-3Rα induces lipid metabolic ...

Cytokine and chemokine production was measured ... Specifically, astrocytes and microglia express IL-17RA in vitro, and IL-17A treatment induces biological responses in these cells, including ...

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), expressed in astrocytes and microglia, is involved in the activation of pathways triggered by proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-23, IL-12 and type I interferons (IFNs), ...