The atoms form a double bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. The carbon atom and hydrogen atoms are ...

The alkanes are a homologous series with a structure based on a carbon chain - each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds The intermolecular forces vary between molecules, so different organic ...

The three states of matter can be represented by the particle model. This model explains the properties of substances in their different states, as well as changes of state. Interactive activity ...

The redox reactions affect the number of covalent bonds that a carbon makes to a heteroatom substituent, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Each redox state of carbon (Fig. 2) is associated with a class ...

The ball-and-stick and first space-filling model show that sucrose is a large molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Sucrose has many O–H bonds which are polar. These polar areas are shown ...