As we make the transition from NRZ (non-return to zero) to PAM4 it's important to distinguish BER (bit error ratio) from SER (symbol error ratio). It sounds simple ...
Earlier this year, IEEE802.3bs compliant, line rate 400 Gigabit Ethernet (400GbE) traffic via four-level Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM4) electrical lanes was successfully demonstrated for the first ...
In the following article, Tony Chan-Carusone explores the critical role of Forward Error Correction (FEC) in high-speed wireline networking, particularly with the ...
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