Not only are these proteins assembled with different amino acid sequences, but they also are held together by different bonds and folded into a variety of three-dimensional structures. The folded ...

New research suggests “microlightning” exchanges among water droplets in Earth’s early atmosphere may have sparked the building blocks of life.

The cuticle is your hair’s protective outer layer, and when it’s healthy, it’s smooth and flat. Damage can lift some of the overlapping cells of the cuticle, leaving your hair brittle and prone to ...

The amino acid cysteine has a chemically reactive side chain that can form bonds with another cysteine. Amino acids can also be basic, like lysine, or acidic, like glutamic acid. The sequence and ...

Amino acids can be joined together through peptide bonds to form peptides and proteins. A peptide bond is a covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of ...

Proteins are composed of one or more chains of amino acids, which are linked together by peptide bonds and folded into specific three-dimensional structures. Proteins have four levels of structure: ...

After translation, the polypeptide is finally folded into the correct shape and becomes a protein. Peptide bonds form between the adjacent amino acids to finalise the structure.